多个请求共用一个Servlet

    我们在对JavaWEB工程进行开发的时候,我们经常会遇到这样一个问题,在jsp中发送到Servlet的每一个请求都要写一个对应的Servlet,这样会造成一个工程完成下来需要写几十个Servlet,那么怎么可以做到多个请求共用一个Servlet呢?

    下面介绍两种方法(第一种比较难理解一点,第二种相对容易):

    一、利用反射原理(根据获取到的url-pattern,截取出相应的方法名,进而调用相应的方法)

           1.配置web.xml文件,<url-pattern>中设置以 *.扩展名 的方式进行匹配(下面的例子以 *.do 匹配,调用的Servlet为 StaffServlet,对Staff表的查询query 和删除delete 请求进行处理)

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>StaffServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>cn.edu.lingnan.servlet.StaffServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>StaffServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

           所有以 .do 结尾的请求都会调用StaffServlet

            2.编写Servlet(例子:StaffServlet)

public class StaffServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doPost(request, response);
	}
	
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		//1.获取能够与“url-pattern”中匹配的路径
		String method = request.getServletPath();
		
		//(此时处理的请求是查询 query.do)
		System.out.println("request.getServletPath()获取的值为: " + method);//输出 /query.do
		
		//2.通过字符串截取,把方法名 query 截取出来
		method = method.substring(1, method.length()-3);
		
		System.out.println("截取后的值为: "+ method);
		
		Method m = null;
		try {
			//3.获取当前类中名字为 method 的方法
			m = this.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(method, 
					HttpServletRequest.class, HttpServletResponse.class);
			
			//4.调用  method 方法
			m.invoke(this, request, response);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	private void query(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("query方法被调用");
	
	}
	
	private void delete(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("delete方法被调用");
		
	}
}

 

            3. jsp 中发送请求调用servlet

 

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<a href="query.do">这是一个查询请求,调用Servlet中的query方法</a>
	<br>
	<br>
	<a href="delete.do">这是一个删除请求,调用Servlet中的delete方法</a>
</body>
</html>

               点查询和删除的超链接后台输出结果如下:

                如还需要添加其他操作请求,只需在Servlet中添加相应名字的方法,如更新请求 jsp中 update.do,  servlet中添加如下方法:

private void update(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
			
	}

                其他请求也是如上操作即可,注意:url-pattern 中的扩展名可以是任意字符,不一定要是 .do , 例如也可以是 .doStaff , 但是改了扩展名了要注意修改截取的字符串的位置,如修改由.do 修改为 .doStaff 时,doPost中

                    method = method.substring(1, method.length()-3);需修改为(.do 为三个字符)

                    method = method.substring(1, method.length()-8);(.doStaff 为八个字符)

                    jsp 中调用时,则也相应修改 query.do ---> query.doStaff

 

    二、利用URL中的参数传送需要调用的方法名

            1.配置web.xml, 映射Servlet路径(以下以 StudentServlet 调用 Servlet 中的 query 和 delete 方法为例子)

   <servlet>
    <servlet-name>StudentServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>servlet.StudentServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>StudentServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/studentServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

            2.编写Servlet(StudentServlet)

 

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class StudentServlet
 */

public class StudentServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		this.doPost(request, response);
	}


	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		//获取请求参数 method
		String method = request.getParameter("method");
		
		System.out.println("获取到的method参数为: " + method);
		//调用 method 方法
		if(method.equals("query")) {
			this.query(request, response);
		}else {
			if(method.equals("delete")) {
				this.delete(request, response);
			}
		}
	}
	
	private void query(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
			throws ServletException, IOException  {
		System.out.println("query 方法被调用");
	}
	
	private void delete(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
			throws ServletException, IOException  {
		System.out.println("delete 方法被调用");
	}
}

               3. jsp中发送请求调用Servlet

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<a href="studentServlet?method=query">这是一个查询请求,调用Servlet中的query方法</a>
	<br>
	<br>
	<a href="delete.do?method=delete">这是一个删除请求,调用Servlet中的delete方法</a>
</body>
</html>

                点查询和删除超链接后台输出结果如下:

        

 

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