0-python基础之-环境搭建
window下安装1.安装python下载python-3.7.0-amd64.exe，直接下一步安装，记得勾选Add Python 3.7 to PATHhttps://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-370/2.安装web server需要的库和服务1.安装mysql，查看mysql的安装教程安装完测试正常后，使用以下命令部署web...
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window下安装
1.安装python
下载python-3.7.0-amd64.exe，直接下一步安装，记得勾选Add Python 3.7 to PATH
https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-370/
2.安装web server需要的库和服务
1.安装mysql，查看mysql的安装教程
安装完测试正常后，使用以下命令部署web的后台数据库框架
mysql -u root -p < schema.sql
2.pip3 install jinja2 aiomysql aiohttp
3.安装pyCharm64
win上面开发一定要有集成开发环境，使用pyCharm很方便。
下载专业版，进行破解，这样就可以写css,js的代码了
https://blog.csdn.net/u014044812/article/details/78727496
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Centos下安装
1.安装python
编译时要提前装好gcc编译器和zlib zlib-devel
下载Python安装包
cd /usr/local/src
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.0/Python-3.7.0.tgz
2、解压
tar -zxvf Python-3.7.0.tgz
3、编译安装包
cd Python-3.7.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python
make && make install
4、添加环境变量
#echo PATH='/usr/local/python/bin/:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
<br>#source /etc/profile
有时候会出现如下错误
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'
安装如下即可：
yum install libffi-devel -y
5.检查是否成功，执行下面代码
python3.7
Python 3.7.0 (default, Nov 27 2018, 10:35:54)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
2.修改默认python版本（这一步可能不需要，因为会导致supervisorctl启动不了，supervisorctl只能要python2上面跑）
1.查看默认python版本是2.7.5
python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Jul 13 2018, 13:06:57)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
2.修改系统默认的Python路径，因为在终端中输入Python命令时默认是指向Python2.7.5
mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python-2.7.5
```
3.建立新的软连接，指向Python-3.7.0
ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python
```
4.打开一个新的终端，通过python命令进入python环境，可以看到已经指向了我们新安装的python3.7.0：
python
Python 3.7.0 (default, Nov 27 2018, 10:35:54)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> print("test")
test
>>> exit()
5.改完默认python后发现使用yum安装时出错
yum install openssh-server
File "/usr/bin/yum", line 30
except KeyboardInterrupt, e:
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
6.因为yum是依赖python的，所以这里我们修改了默认的python,就要要修改yum，让其运行指向旧的版本：
vi /usr/bin/yum
将第一行中的“#!/usr/bin/python”
修改为“#!/usr/bin/python-2.7.5”
保存即可
7.如果出现别的错误的时候有可以需要修改一下两个文件
yum install tree
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================
Installing:
tree x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7 base 46 k
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 46 k
Installed size: 87 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 28
except OSError, e:
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
Exiting on user cancel
1. vim /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
将/usr/bin/python改为/usr/bin/python-2.7.5。
2. vim /usr/bin/yum-config-manager
解决办法同上： #!/usr/bin/python换成 #!/usr/bin/python-2.7.5
3.安装web server需要的库和服务
1.安装mysql，查看mysql的安装教程
安装完测试正常后，使用以下命令部署web的后台数据库框架
mysql -u root -p < schema.sql
2.pip3 install jinja2 aiomysql aiohttp
3.yum install openssh-server nginx supervisor dos2unix
这边用到下面两个工具
- 1.Supervisor：监控服务进程的工具；
该工具的主要目的就是使用Supervisor来启动我们的app.py进程，这样app.py进程出现问题时就会被保存日志重启等。
使用echo_supervisord_conf产生默认配置文件，保存在supervisord.conf里面
echo_supervisord_conf > /etc/supervisord.conf
修改/etc/supervisord.conf的最后两行
[include]
files = /etc/supervisord.d/*.conf
在/etc/supervisord.d/里面添加配置文件awesome.conf
[program:awesome]
command = /srv/awesome/www/app.py
directory = /srv/awesome/www
user = root
startsecs = 3
redirect_stderr = true
stdout_logfile_maxbytes = 50MB
stdout_logfile_backups = 10
stdout_logfile = /srv/awesome/log/app.log
查看要运行的www属于谁的权限，就将上面awesome.conf里面的user配置成谁
[root@centos awesome]# ls -l
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 27 17:23 log
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Nov 27 16:56 www -> www-18-11-27_16.56.28
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 27 16:09 www-18-11-27_16.08.59
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 27 16:26 www-18-11-27_16.26.12
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 27 16:28 www-18-11-27_16.28.37
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 27 16:53 www-18-11-27_16.53.41
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Nov 27 17:11 www-18-11-27_16.56.28
参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/wswang/p/5795766.html
supervisorctl stop program_name # 停止某一个进程，program_name 为 [program:x] 里的 x
supervisorctl start program_name # 启动某个进程
supervisorctl restart program_name # 重启某个进程
supervisorctl stop groupworker: # 结束所有属于名为 groupworker 这个分组的进程 (start，restart 同理)
supervisorctl stop groupworker:name1 # 结束 groupworker:name1 这个进程 (start，restart 同理)
supervisorctl stop all # 停止全部进程，注：start、restartUnlinking stale socket /tmp/supervisor.sock
、stop 都不会载入最新的配置文件
supervisorctl reload # 载入最新的配置文件，停止原有进程并按新的配置启动、管理所有进程
supervisorctl update # 根据最新的配置文件，启动新配置或有改动的进程，配置没有改动的进程不会受影响而重启
[root@centos awesome]# supervisorctl stop awesome
awesome: stopped
[root@centos awesome]# supervisorctl start awesome
awesome: started
[root@centos awesome]# supervisorctl status
awesome RUNNING pid 30182, uptime 0:00:13
测试下supervisord进程是否生效，找到app.py的进程kill掉，可以发现出现了一个新id的app.py进程
[root@centos awesome]# ps -aux | grep python
root 11340 0.0 1.4 573812 14660 ? Ssl Nov23 0:39 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
root 30161 0.0 1.6 225936 17072 ? Ss 17:23 0:00 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf
root 30182 0.0 2.6 250196 26612 ? S 17:28 0:00 python3 /srv/awesome/www/app.py
root 30350 0.0 0.0 112704 972 pts/0 R+ 18:00 0:00 grep --color=auto python
[root@centos awesome]# kill 30182
[root@centos awesome]# ps -aux | grep python
root 11340 0.0 1.4 573812 14660 ? Ssl Nov23 0:39 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
root 30161 0.0 1.6 225936 17068 ? Ss 17:23 0:00 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf
root 30364 0.0 2.6 249844 26440 ? S 18:01 0:00 python3 /srv/awesome/www/app.py
root 30366 0.0 0.0 112704 976 pts/0 R+ 18:01 0:00 grep --color=auto python
- 2.Nginx：高性能Web服务器+负责反向代理；
利用Python自带的asyncio，我们已经编写了一个异步高性能服务器。但是，我们还需要一个高性能的Web服务器，这里选择Nginx，它可以处理静态资源，同时作为反向代理把动态请求交给Python代码处理
动静结合，我们的python服务器属于动态的，会修改；Nginx属于静态的，为代理作用，更加安全，比如python服务器出现问题是，不会因为疏忽而把debug信息直接输出给客户端，这时候就有Nginx服务器直接返回502错误给客户端。
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-I6JFuSpA-1581847379782)(https://cdn.liaoxuefeng.com/cdn/files/attachments/0014328837392452ed92e4e2938456e9493812722cdc8dd000/l)]
[root@centos ~]# ps -aux | grep nginx
root 737 0.0 0.0 112704 968 pts/0 S+ 10:00 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
root 30865 0.0 0.2 120792 2100 ? Ss Nov27 0:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 30866 0.0 0.3 121180 3584 ? S Nov27 0:00 nginx: worker process
systemctl restart nginx.service/service nginx restart
systemctl stop nginx.service/service nginx stop
systemctl start nginx.service/service nginx start
systemctl status nginx.service/service nginx status
在阿里云服务器上由于没有界面也不知道nginx是否正常启动，这时候可以使用curl去过去网页内容，然后再复制出来到win上面看html页面是否显示正常。
如下：
[root@centos nginx]# curl http://127.0.0.1
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<title>Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Fedora</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<style type="text/css">
/*<![CDATA[*/
body {
background-color: #fff;
color: #000;
font-size: 0.9em;
font-family: sans-serif,helvetica;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
:link {
color: #c00;
}
:visited {
color: #c00;
}
a:hover {
color: #f50;
}
h1 {
text-align: center;
margin: 0;
padding: 0.6em 2em 0.4em;
background-color: #294172;
color: #fff;
font-weight: normal;
font-size: 1.75em;
border-bottom: 2px solid #000;
}
h1 strong {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 1.5em;
}
h2 {
text-align: center;
background-color: #3C6EB4;
font-size: 1.1em;
font-weight: bold;
color: #fff;
margin: 0;
padding: 0.5em;
border-bottom: 2px solid #294172;
}
hr {
display: none;
}
.content {
padding: 1em 5em;
}
.alert {
border: 2px solid #000;
}
img {
border: 2px solid #fff;
padding: 2px;
margin: 2px;
}
a:hover img {
border: 2px solid #294172;
}
.logos {
margin: 1em;
text-align: center;
}
/*]]>*/
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to <strong>nginx</strong> on Fedora!</h1>
<div class="content">
<p>This page is used to test the proper operation of the
<strong>nginx</strong> HTTP server after it has been
installed. If you can read this page, it means that the
web server installed at this site is working
properly.</p>
<div class="alert">
<h2>Website Administrator</h2>
<div class="content">
<p>This is the default <tt>index.html</tt> page that
is distributed with <strong>nginx</strong> on
Fedora. It is located in
<tt>/usr/share/nginx/html</tt>.</p>
<p>You should now put your content in a location of
your choice and edit the <tt>root</tt> configuration
directive in the <strong>nginx</strong>
configuration file
<tt>/etc/nginx/nginx.conf</tt>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="logos">
<a href="http://nginx.net/"><img
src="nginx-logo.png"
alt="[ Powered by nginx ]"
width="121" height="32" /></a>
<a href="http://fedoraproject.org/"><img
src="poweredby.png"
alt="[ Powered by Fedora ]"
width="88" height="31" /></a>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
如果在本机可以正常访问，外网不能访问的时候，需要看下阿里云上面的安全组配置，是否有开放80端口，443端口。
https://blog.csdn.net/lzl18918615216/article/details/80049471
https://helpcdn.aliyun.com/document_detail/25471.html
如果还是不行可能需要配置防火墙规则。
https://blog.csdn.net/lzl18918615216/article/details/80049471
Ubuntu下安装
1.安装python
1、apt-get upgrade
2、apt-get update
直接安装python3.5吧，发现3.6下安装distribute有问题
3、apt-get install python3.6
4、apt-get install python3.6-dev
ubuntu默认已经安装了python3.4
root@ubuntu:/usr/bin# python3 -V
Python 3.4.3
所以我们需要把默认的改成python3.6
设置python的默认版本：
root@ubuntu:/usr/bin# update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2.7 1
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/python2.7 to provide /usr/bin/python (python) in auto mode
root@ubuntu:/usr/bin# update-alternatives --list python
/usr/bin/python2.7
root@ubuntu:/usr/bin# python -V
Python 2.7.6
设置python3的默认版
root@ubuntu:/usr/bin# update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.6 1
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/python3.6 to provide /usr/bin/python3 (python3) in auto mode
root@ubuntu:/usr/bin# update-alternatives --list python3
/usr/bin/python3.6
root@ubuntu:/usr/bin# python3 -V
Python 3.6.2
5、设置pip:
- apt-get install python3-pip # Python3
- apt-get install python-pip # Python2
6、查看pip3 -V
root@ubuntu:/usr/bin# pip3
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/pip3", line 5, in <module>
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources.py", line 1479, in <module>
register_loader_type(importlib_bootstrap.SourceFileLoader, DefaultProvider)
AttributeError: module 'importlib._bootstrap' has no attribute 'SourceFileLoader'
AttributeError：module ‘importlib._bootstrap’ has no attribute ‘SourceFileLoader’。
最后发现：distribute只能安装在python 3.5.x版本。
7、安装apt-get install python3、apt-get install python3.5-dev切换到3.5
root@ubuntu:/usr/bin# update-alternatives --config python3
There are 2 choices for the alternative python3 (providing /usr/bin/python3).
Selection Path Priority Status
------------------------------------------------------------
0 /usr/bin/python3.6 1 auto mode
1 /usr/bin/python3.5 1 manual mode
* 2 /usr/bin/python3.6 1 manual mode
Press enter to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: 1
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/python3.5 to provide /usr/bin/python3 (python3) in manual mode
root@ubuntu:/usr/bin# pip3 -V
pip 1.5.4 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (python 3.5)
8、更新pip3
pip3 install --upgrade setuptools
2.安装web server需要的库和服务
1.安装mysql，查看mysql的安装教程
安装完测试正常后，使用以下命令部署web的后台数据库框架
mysql -u root -p < schema.sql
2.pip3 install jinja2 aiomysql aiohttp
pip3 install idna_ssl cryptography
3.apt-get install libssl-dev openssh-server nginx supervisor dos2unix
4.配置Supervisor：监控服务进程的工具
编写一个Supervisor的配置文件awesome.conf，存放到/etc/supervisor/conf.d/目录下：
[program:awesome]
command = /srv/awesome/www/app.py
directory = /srv/awesome/www
user = root
startsecs = 3
redirect_stderr = true
stdout_logfile_maxbytes = 50MB
stdout_logfile_backups = 10
stdout_logfile = /srv/awesome/log/app.log
在srv下面创建awesome文件夹。
使用fabfile_win.py将项目同步到ubuntu,记得修改ip和用户名。
env.user = 'linye'
env.sudo_user = 'root'
# env.hosts = ['123.123.123.123']
env.host_string = '192.168.61.128' # 改成你的服务器ip
创建/srv/awesome/log/文件夹
service supervisor start
出现unix:///var/run/supervisor.sock no such file是就自己创建一个，并附权限
touch /var/run/supervisor.sock
chmod 777 /var/run/supervisor.sock
5.Nginx：高性能Web服务器+负责反向代理；
/etc/nginx/sites-available/default里面的内容改成如下：
server {
listen 80; # 监听80端口
root /srv/awesome/www;
access_log /srv/awesome/log/access_log;
error_log /srv/awesome/log/error_log;
# server_name awesome.liaoxuefeng.com; # 配置域名
# 处理静态文件/favicon.ico:
location /favicon.ico {
root /srv/awesome/www;
}
# 处理静态资源:
location ~ ^\/static\/.*$ {
root /srv/awesome/www;
}
# 动态请求转发到9000端口:
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9000;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
/etc/init.d/nginx reload
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