第4章需求分析和model设计

慕课网《强力django+杀手级xadmin 打造上线标准的在线教育平台》学习笔记本章主要内容：django app的设计各个app models的设计数据表生成与修改django app的设计安装环境python27下建立虚拟环境mkvirtualenv mxonlinepip install django==1.9.8pip install mysql-python安装失败

小旋锋

1744人浏览 · 2017-05-30 22:16:45

小旋锋 · 2017-05-30 22:16:45 发布

慕课网《强力django+杀手级xadmin 打造上线标准的在线教育平台》学习笔记

本章主要内容：

django app的设计
各个app models的设计
数据表生成与修改

django app的设计

这里写图片描述

安装环境python27下

建立虚拟环境

mkvirtualenv mxonline
pip install django==1.9.8
pip install mysql-python

安装失败时，可以到http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/ 下载适合版本的whl包，然后在pip install packageName.whl来安装
配置settings中的DATABASES

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME':'mxonline',
        'USER':'mxonline',
        'PASSWORD':'mxonline',
        'HOST':"127.0.0.1"
    }
}

迁移数据库

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

访问

设计USER APP的model

新建users app，然后设计user类
由于django自带的user类的字段不能满足我们的需求，所以需要扩展
扩展django user的方法有几种：
- 继承AbstractUser
- 新建类profile然后用外键指向user
这里使用继承AbstractUser的方法扩展

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser

class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
    nick_name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"昵称", default="")
    birday = models.DateField(verbose_name=u"生日", null=True, blank=True)
    gender = models.CharField(max_length=6, choices=(("male",u"男"),("female","女")), default="female")
    address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default=u"")
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, blank=True)
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="image/%Y/%m",default=u"image/default.png", max_length=100)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "用户信息"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.username

注册在settings中APP，并且需要为AUTH_USER_MODEL赋值

AUTH_USER_MODEL="users.UserProfile"

各个app models的设计

可能出现的问题
解决该问题的方法主要是：分层设计
把用户的操作（评论，收藏等）独立出来，放到另一个单独的app中

这里写图片描述

users中添加另外两个比较独立的model：验证码和轮播图
邮箱验证码

class EmailVerifyRecord(models.Model):
    code = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name=u"验证码")
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"邮箱")
    send_type = models.CharField(verbose_name=u"验证码类型", choices=(("register",u"注册"),("forget",u"找回密码"), ("update_email",u"修改邮箱")), max_length=30)
    send_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name=u"发送时间", default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"邮箱验证码"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __unicode__(self):
        return '{0}({1})'.format(self.code, self.email)

轮播图

class Banner(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"标题")
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="banner/%Y/%m", verbose_name=u"轮播图", max_length=100)
    url = models.URLField(max_length=200, verbose_name=u"访问地址")
    index = models.IntegerField(default=100, verbose_name=u"顺序")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"轮播图"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

设计课程的app

startapp courses

观察界面

这里写图片描述

设计数据库表

这里写图片描述

PEP8 编程规范
- 中文翻译：https://my.oschina.net/u/1433482/blog/464444?p=1
- 官方文档：https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/
- 两个类之间空两行
Course类

class Course(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"课程名")
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=300, verbose_name=u"课程描述")
    detail = UEditorField(verbose_name=u"课程详情",width=600, height=300, imagePath="courses/ueditor/",filePath="courses/ueditor/", default='')
    is_banner = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name=u"是否轮播")
    degree = models.CharField(verbose_name=u"难度", choices=(("cj","初级"), ("zj","中级"), ("gj","高级")), max_length=2)
    learn_times = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"学习时长(分钟数)")
    students = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u'学习人数')
    fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u'收藏人数')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="courses/%Y/%m", verbose_name=u"封面图", max_length=100)
    click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"点击数")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"课程"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

Lesson 章节

class Lesson(models.Model):
    course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"课程")
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"章节名")
    learn_times = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"学习时长(分钟数)")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"章节"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

Video 视频

class Video(models.Model):
    lesson = models.ForeignKey(Lesson, verbose_name=u"章节")
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"视频名")
    learn_times = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"学习时长(分钟数)")
    url = models.CharField(max_length=200, default="", verbose_name=u"访问地址")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"视频"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

CourseResource 课程资源

class CourseResource(models.Model):
    course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"课程")
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"名称")
    download = models.FileField(upload_to="course/resource/%Y/%m", verbose_name=u"资源文件", max_length=100)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"课程资源"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

organization的设计

python manage.py startapp  organization

观察界面

这里写图片描述

models设计

这里写图片描述

城市信息和课程机构信息

class CityDict(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name=u"城市")
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name=u"描述")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"城市"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name



class CourseOrg(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"机构名称")
    desc = UEditorField(verbose_name=u"机构描述",width=900, height=300, imagePath="org/ueditor/",
                                         filePath="org/ueditor/", default='')
    tag = models.CharField(default="全国知名", max_length=10, verbose_name=u"机构标签")
    category = models.CharField(default="pxjg", verbose_name=u"机构类别", max_length=20, choices=(("pxjg","培训机构"),("gr","个人"),("gx","高校")))
    click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"点击数")
    fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"收藏数")
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="org/%Y/%m", verbose_name=u"logo", max_length=100)
    address = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name=u"机构地址")
    city = models.ForeignKey(CityDict, verbose_name=u"所在城市")
    students = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"学习人数")
    course_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"课程数")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"课程机构"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

讲师

class Teacher(models.Model):
    org = models.ForeignKey(CourseOrg, verbose_name=u"所属机构")
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"教师名")
    work_years = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"工作年限")
    work_company = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"就职公司")
    work_position = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"公司职位")
    points = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"教学特点")
    click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"点击数")
    fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"收藏数")
    age = models.IntegerField(default=18, verbose_name=u"年龄")
    image = models.ImageField(default='', upload_to="teacher/%Y/%m", verbose_name=u"头像", max_length=100)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"教师"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

    def get_course_nums(self):
        return self.course_set.all().count()

用户操作operation的model设计

这里写图片描述

代码

# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from datetime import datetime

from django.db import models

from users.models import UserProfile
from courses.models import Course


class UserAsk(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name=u"姓名")
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name=u"手机")
    course_name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"课程名")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"用户咨询"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class CourseComments(models.Model):
    "课程评论"
    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"用户")
    course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"课程")
    comments = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name=u"评论")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"课程评论"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class UserFavorite(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"用户")
    fav_id = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"数据id")
    fav_type = models.IntegerField(choices=((1,"课程"),(2,"课程机构"),(3,"讲师")), default=1, verbose_name=u"收藏类型")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"用户收藏"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class UserMessage(models.Model):
    user = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"接收用户")
    message = models.CharField(max_length=500, verbose_name=u"消息内容")
    has_read = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name=u"是否已读")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"用户消息"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class UserCourse(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"用户")
    course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"课程")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"用户课程"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

将所有的app都移动到apps目录下，其他地方和索引不要改变，此时需要在settings下配置apps的路径

import sys

sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps'))

总结本章主要内容

这里写图片描述

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小旋锋

@wwwdc1012

已为社区贡献4条内容

第4章 需求分析和model设计

小旋锋

django app的设计

安装环境python27下

设计USER APP的model

各个app models的设计

设计课程的app

organization的设计

用户操作operation的model设计

总结本章主要内容

所有评论(0)

小旋锋

第4章需求分析和model设计