1、Python2中的输入：input 和 raw_input

##python2的输入
[root@contral day01]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Sep 12 2018, 05:31:16) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> input ('Num:')         ##input仅支持整形
Num:1
1
>>> input ('Num:')
Num:a
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'a' is not defined
>>> raw_input ('Num:')       ##raw_input 将所有输入转化为字符
Num:a
'a'
>>> raw_input ('Num:')
Num:1
'1'

 若想对raw_input输入的整形进行处理，可以进行强制类型转化

##强制类型转化
>>> age = raw_input ('input your age:') ##输入的字符型
input your age:18
>>> age   ##查看变量值
'18'
>>> type(age)     ##查看变量类型
<type 'str'>
>>> int(age)      ##强制类型转换
18
>>> type(age)     ##转化后的变量类型并没有改变
<type 'str'>
>>> age
'18'
>>> type(int(age))   ##改变的是int(age)这个整体
<type 'int'>
>>> 

2、Python3中得输入：input

##Python3中的输入

[root@contral day01]# python3
Python 3.7.7 (default, Apr 14 2020, 00:09:00) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> input('input your age:')   
input your age:^CTraceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
KeyboardInterrupt
>>> age = input ('input your ages:')   ##只有input一种输入
input your ages:18
>>> age     ##所有输入均以字符串对待
'18'
>>> type(age)
<class 'str'>
>>> type(int(age))  ##也可进行强制类型转换
<class 'int'>
>>> 

3、输出：print

输出占位符：

##输出占位

%s   ##字符型输出
%d   ##整形输出
%f   ##浮点型输出
%%   ##百分号输出

%.nf  ##保留n位小数，不足后面补0，小于全部输出
%.nd  ##将整形输出补齐为n位，不足前面补0，小于全部输出

输出演示：

##输出演示
[root@servera ~]# ipython     ##采用ipython交互的方式
Python 3.6.8 (default, Jan 11 2019, 02:17:16) 
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.13.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.

In [1]: name = 'linux'                                                          

In [2]: age = '11'                                                              

In [3]: print ('%s age is %d' %(name,age))          ##输入和输出的格式必须相同                            
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-3-47aecf82c254> in <module>
----> 1 print ('%s age is %d' %(name,age))

TypeError: %d format: a number is required, not str

In [4]: print ('%s age is %d' %(name,int(age)))                                 
linux age is 11

In [5]: number = 123456.1234567                                                 

In [6]: print ('%s have %s money' %(name,number))                               
linux have 123456.1234567 money

In [7]: print ('%s have %f money' %(name,number))      ##字符和浮点数的输出                         
linux have 123456.123457 money

In [8]: print ('%s have %.2f money' %(name,number))     ##定义浮点数保留两位小数                        
linux have 123456.12 money

In [9]: print ('%s have %.2d money' %(name,number))   
                                       ##定义保留整数位数，当整数位大于定义的数，则全部保留                        
linux have 123456 money

In [10]: num = 12                                                               

In [11]: print ('%s id is %d' %(name,num) )                                     
linux id is 12

In [12]: print ('%s id is %.4d' %(name,num) )    ##定义的整数位不足是，前面补0                               
linux id is 0012

In [13]: print ('%s id is %.1d' %(name,num) )                                   
linux id is 12

这里采用ipython交互式界面进行演示，ipython的安装在企业8中，可直接采用联网的方式进行安装：pip3 install ipython，普通安装可下载安装包，读取里面的RADEME，进行查看，或者查看官方文档均可。