1.安装python
1.1debian安装python
curl -SL https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.8/Python-3.8.8.tgz| tar -zxvC /usr/local
apt-get update &&
apt-get install build-essential python3-dev python3-setuptools python3-pip default-mysql-client default-libmysqlclient-dev python-smbus libncursesw5-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev libreadline-dev libbz2-dev zlib1g-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev libssl-dev openssl libffi-dev -y &&
cd /usr/local/Python-3.8.8 && ./configure --enable-optimizations --with-ensurepip=install --prefix=/usr/local/python3.8 && make altinstall &&

#移除python27的软连接
mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python27
#建立新的软连接
ln -s /usr/local/python3.8/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python && ln -s /usr/local/python3.8/bin/pip3.8 /usr/bin/pip &&
mkdir ~/.pip/ && echo [global]\nindex-url = https://mirrors.163.com/pypi/simple/ >~/.pip/pip.conf &&
chown -R /usr/local/python3.8 &&
rm -rf /usr/local/Python-3.8.8 &&
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* && python -m pip install --upgrade pip
1.2 centos7安装python3.8
curl -SL https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.8/Python-3.8.8.tgz| tar -zxvC /usr/local
yum update && yum -y groupinstall “Development tools” && yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-dev &&
cd /usr/local/Python-3.8.8 && ./configure --enable-optimizations --with-ensurepip=install --prefix=/usr/local/python3.8 && make altinstall

#移除python27的软连接
mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python27 && ln -s /usr/local/python3.8/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python && ln -s /usr/local/python3.8/bin/pip3.8 /usr/bin/pip && mkdir ~/.pip/ && echo [global]\nindex-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/>~/.pip/pip.conf && rm -rf /usr/local/Python-3.8.8 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* && python -m pip install --upgrade pip

更改yum配置

因为其要用到python2才能执行，否则会导致yum不能正常使用（不管安装 python3的那个版本，都必须要做的）

vi /usr/bin/yum
把 #! /usr/bin/python 修改为 #! /usr/bin/python2
vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
把 #! /usr/bin/python 修改为 #! /usr/bin/python2
vi /usr/bin/yum-config-manager
#!/usr/bin/python 改为 #!/usr/bin/python2