Linux下载、配置python环境

刚刚把java环境配了，现在配python环境

因为centos7自带python2的环境

所以我们需要更新一下系统自带的版本

python官网：https://www.python.org

1. 进入/opt/software-install，使用wget命令下载python

[root@cx software-install]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/Python-3.6.3.tgz
[root@cx software-install]# ls
jdk-8u221-linux-x64.rpm  Python-3.6.3.tgz

2. 解压到/opt/software下，更名为python

[root@cx software-install]# tar -zxvf Python-3.6.3.tgz -C /opt/software
[root@cx software]# ls
java  python

3. 进入到python目录下，安装配置

[root@cx python]# ./configure

​ 等待执行完毕

4. 编译并安装

[root@cx python]# make
[root@cx python]# make install

5. 查看python3安装的位置

[root@cx python]# ll /usr/local/bin/python*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        9 Nov 11 22:13 /usr/local/bin/python3 -> python3.6
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12650320 Nov 11 22:12 /usr/local/bin/python3.6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       17 Nov 11 22:13 /usr/local/bin/python3.6-config -> python3.6m-config
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12650320 Nov 11 22:12 /usr/local/bin/python3.6m
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root     3097 Nov 11 22:13 /usr/local/bin/python3.6m-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       16 Nov 11 22:13 /usr/local/bin/python3-config -> python3.6-config

[root@cx python]# which python
/usr/bin/python
[root@cx python]# ll /usr/bin/python*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   22 Nov 11 22:20 /usr/bin/python -> /usr/local/bin/python3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    9 Jul 11  2019 /usr/bin/python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7216 Jun 21  2019 /usr/bin/python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1835 Jun 21  2019 /usr/bin/python2.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   16 Jul 11  2019 /usr/bin/python2-config -> python2.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    7 Jul 11  2019 /usr/bin/python.bak -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   14 Jul 11  2019 /usr/bin/python-config -> python2-config

​ 这里我已经配置好了，所以可以看到我的软链接已经指向我新的python3，旧的话应该指的是python2

6. 备份原有配置，设置python默认版本号为3.x

mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python

7. 这里使用python -V可以看到版本为python3了

8. 查看python2的位置

[root@cx python]# ll /usr/bin/python*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   22 Nov 11 22:20 /usr/bin/python -> /usr/local/bin/python3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    9 Jul 11  2019 /usr/bin/python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7216 Jun 21  2019 /usr/bin/python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1835 Jun 21  2019 /usr/bin/python2.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   16 Jul 11  2019 /usr/bin/python2-config -> python2.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    7 Jul 11  2019 /usr/bin/python.bak -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   14 Jul 11  2019 /usr/bin/python-config -> python2-config

9. 为了使yum命令正常使用，需要将其配置的python依然指向2.x版本

/usr/bin/yum
/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
将上面两个文件的头部文件修改为老版本即可
!/usr/bin/python 修改成 !/usr/bin/python2.7