Servlet(2)
编写一个简单ServlethtmlInsert title here用户名 密码 <inputname="password" type="password">web.xmlFirstWebdrivercom.mysql.jdbc.Driveruserroot
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编写一个简单Servlet
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="loginService" method="post">
用户名<input name="username" type="text"><br> 密码 <input
name="password" type="password"> <br> <br> <br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>FirstWeb</display-name>
<context-param>
<param-name>driver</param-name>
<param-value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>user</param-name>
<param-value>root</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>password</param-name>
<param-value>123456</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>loginService</servlet-name>
<servlet-class> com.javaweb.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>loginService</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/loginService</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
servlet
public class LoginService implements Servlet {
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
@Override
public String getServletInfo() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
private ServletConfig servletConfig;
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
this.servletConfig = servletConfig;
}
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
// 1.获取请求参数:username ,password
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
// 2.获取当前WEB应用的初始化参数:user,password
ServletContext servletContext = servletConfig.getServletContext();
String initUser = servletContext.getInitParameter("user");
String initPassword = servletContext.getInitParameter("password");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
if (initUser.equals(username) && initPassword.equals(password)) {
out.write("hello " + username);
} else {
out.write("sorry " + username);
}
}
}
上面实现servlet 必须 Servlet的所有的接口方法,为了简化,写一个抽象的MyGenricServlet类,继承 Servlet, ServletConfig接口
public abstract class MyGenricServlet implements Servlet, ServletConfig {
private ServletConfig servletConfig;
@Override
public void destroy() {}
@Override
public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
return servletConfig;
}
@Override
public String getServletInfo() {
return "";
}
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
this.servletConfig = servletConfig;
this.init();
}
private void init() {
}
@Override
public abstract void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1) throws ServletException, IOException;
@Override
public String getInitParameter(String arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return servletConfig.getInitParameter(arg0);
}
@Override
public Enumeration<String> getInitParameterNames() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return servletConfig.getInitParameterNames();
}
@Override
public ServletContext getServletContext() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return servletConfig.getServletContext();
}
@Override
public String getServletName() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return servletConfig.getServletName();
}
}
重新编写 LoginService
public class LoginService2 extends MyGenricServlet {
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
// 1.获取请求参数:username ,password
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
// 2.获取当前WEB应用的初始化参数:user,password
ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
String initUser = servletContext.getInitParameter("user");
String initPassword = servletContext.getInitParameter("password");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
if (initUser.equals(username) && initPassword.equals(password)) {
out.write("hello " + username);
} else {
out.write("sorry " + username);
}
}
}
针对HTTP协议定义的一个Servlet 基类,继承 MyGenricServlet
public class MyHttpServlet extends MyGenricServlet {
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1) throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) arg0;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) arg1;
service(request, response);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw e;
}
}
public void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获取请求方式
String method = request.getMethod();
// 根据请求方式再调用对应的处理方式
if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(method)) {
doGet(request, response);
} else if ("POST".equalsIgnoreCase(method)) {
doPost(request, response);
}
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
重新编写LoginService
public class LoginService extends MyHttpServlet {
@Override
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
// 2.获取当前WEB应用的初始化参数:user,password
ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
String initUser = servletContext.getInitParameter("user");
String initPassword = servletContext.getInitParameter("password");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
if (initUser.equals(username) && initPassword.equals(password)) {
out.write("hello " + username);
} else {
out.write("sorry " + username);
}
}
}
HttpServlet类图
GenericServlet
1). 是一个 Serlvet. 是 Servlet 接口和 ServletConfig 接口的实现类. 但是一个抽象类. 其中的 service 方法为抽象方法
2). 如果新建的 Servlet 程序直接继承 GenericSerlvet 会使开发更简洁.
3). 具体实现:
①. 在 GenericServlet 中声明了一个 SerlvetConfig 类型的成员变量, 在 init(ServletConfig) 方法中对其进行了初始化
②. 利用 servletConfig 成员变量的方法实现了 ServletConfig 接口的方法
③. 还定义了一个 init() 方法, 在 init(SerlvetConfig) 方法中对其进行调用, 子类可以直接覆盖 init() 在其中实现对 Servlet 的初始化.
④. 不建议直接覆盖 init(ServletConfig), 因为如果忘记编写 super.init(config); 而还是用了 SerlvetConfig 接口的方法,
则会出现空指针异常.
⑤. 新建的 init(){} 并非 Serlvet 的生命周期方法. 而 init(ServletConfig) 是生命周期相关的方法.
HttpServlet
1). 是一个 Servlet, 继承自 GenericServlet. 针对于 HTTP 协议所定制.
2). 在 service() 方法中直接把 ServletReuqest 和 ServletResponse 转为 HttpServletRequest 和 HttpServletResponse.
并调用了重载的 service(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)
在 service(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) 获取了请求方式: request.getMethod(). 根据请求方式有创建了
doXxx() 方法(xxx 为具体的请求方式, 比如 doGet, doPost)
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpServletRequest request;
HttpServletResponse response;
try {
request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
} catch (ClassCastException e) {
throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
}
service(request, response);
}
public void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//1. 获取请求方式.
String method = request.getMethod();
//2. 根据请求方式再调用对应的处理方法
if("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(method)){
doGet(request, response);
}else if("POST".equalsIgnoreCase(method)){
doPost(request, response);
}
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
3). 实际开发中, 直接继承 HttpServlet, 并根据请求方式复写 doXxx() 方法即可.
4). 好处: 直接由针对性的覆盖 doXxx() 方法; 直接使用 HttpServletRequest 和 HttpServletResponse, 不再需要强转.
重定向或转发
转发
String path = "testServlet";
RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher(path);
requestDispatcher.forward(request, response);
重定向
System.out.println("RedirectServlet");
String path = "testServlet";
response.sendRedirect(path);
1). 本质区别: 请求的转发只发出了一次请求, 而重定向则发出了两次请求.
具体:
①. 请求的转发: 地址栏是初次发出请求的地址.
请求的重定向: 地址栏不再是初次发出的请求地址. 地址栏为最后响应的那个地址
②. 请求转发: 在最终的 Servlet 中, request 对象和中转的那个 request 是同一个对象.
请求的重定向: 在最终的 Servlet 中, request 对象和中转的那个 request 不是同一个对象.
③. 请求的转发: 只能转发给当前 WEB 应用的的资源
请求的重定向: 可以重定向到任何资源.
④. 请求的转发: / 代表的是当前 WEB 应用的根目录
请求的重定向: / 代表的是当前 WEB 站点的根目录.
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