1 Servlet简介

  • Servlet就是sun公司开发动态web的一门技术

  • Sun在这些API中提供一个接口叫做:Servlet,如果你想开发一个Servlet程序,只需要完成两个小步骤:

    • 编写一个类,实现Servlet接口
    • 把开发好的Java类部署到web服务器中。

把实现了Servlet接口的Java程序叫做,Servlet

2 HelloServlet

  1. 构建一个普通的Maven项目, 删掉 src,以后我们的学习,就在项目中建立Moudle

imgimg

建立一个moudle为maven-webapp

img

img

  1. 关于Maven父子工程的理解

父项目pom文件中会有:

    <modules>
        <module>servlet-01</module>
    </modules>

导包:

<!--添加Servlet和JSP依赖-->
    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.3</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

子项目pom文件中会有:

    <parent>
        <artifactId>javaweb-02-servlet</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.zhu</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

父项目中的java子项目可以直接使用,子项目中的父项目不能使用

son extends father

2.1Maven 环境优化

 1. 修改web.xml为最新
 2. 将maven的结构搭建完整

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

</web-app>

img

2.2编写一个servlet 程序

  1. 编写普通类,实现Servlet 接口 直接继承 HttpServlet

img

img

package com.kwok.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {

    // 由于get或者post只是请求实现的不同的方式,可以相互调用,业务逻辑都一样;
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();// 响应流
        writer.print("Hello,servlet");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
  1. 编写Serviet 的映射

    1. 为什么写映射: 我们写的是JAVA程序,但是要通过浏览器访问,浏览器需要连接web浏览器, 所以我们需要在web服务中注册我们写的Servlet 还需要给他一个浏览器能够访问的路径

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

    <!--注册Servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kwok.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <!--Servlet的请求路径-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
</web-app>

3.配置tomcat(步骤见上一节)

img

没有Artifacts在右侧的maven中刷信息,再去看,就有啦。

img

  • 注意配置项目发布的路径

4.启动项目,访问路径

img

3、Servlet原理

Servlet是由Web服务器调用,web服务器在收到浏览器请求之后,会:

img

4、Mapping问题

1、一个Servlet可以指定一个映射路径

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

2、一个Servlet可以指定多个映射路径

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello3</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello4</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello5</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

3、一个Servlet可以指定通用映射路径

  • /hello/* ——> /hellow后边不管写啥都返回当前带哦用的servlet-name 的方法
  • /* 默认通配符
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

4、默认请求路径

<!--默认请求路径-->
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

5、指定一些后缀或者前缀等等….

    <!--可以自定义后缀实现请求映射    
    注意点,*前面不能加项目映射的路径    
    hello/sajdlkajda.qinjiang   
    只要以 .qinjiang  就能访问
-->
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.qinjiang</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping

6、优先级问题
指定了固有的映射路径优先级最高,如果找不到就会走默认的处理请求(404);

<!--404-->
<servlet><servlet-name>error</servlet-name><servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.ErrorServlet</servlet-class></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>error</servlet-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>

5、ServletContext

web容器在启动的时候,它会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象,它代表了当前的web应用

img

5.1 共享数据

我在这个Servlet中保存的数据,可以在另外一个servlet中拿到;

package com.kwok.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {

    // 由于get或者post只是请求实现的不同的方式,可以相互调用,业务逻辑都一样;
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        String username = "王大锤"; // 数据
        context.setAttribute("username",username); // 将一个数据保存在了ServletContext中,名字为:username;值为:username
    }
}
package com.kwok.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username = (String) context.getAttribute("username");

        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().print("名字"+username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
<!--注册Servlet-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kwok.Servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <!--Servlet的请求路径-->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kwok.Servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

必须先访问hello接口,然后访问get接口,才能获取name的值。

测试访问结果:

img

img

img

5.2 获取初始化参数

web.xml中配置

<!--Web的初始化配置-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>url</param-name>
        <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
    </context-param>

java中

package com.kwok.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(url);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

web.xml中配置

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>gp</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kwok.Servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>gp</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/gp</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

测试:

img

5.3 请求转发

img

package com.kwok.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ServletDemo04 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("进入了demo04");
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        //RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp"); // 转发的请求路径
        //requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp); // 调用forward方法实现请求转发;
        context.getRequestDispatcher("gp").forward(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kwok.Servlet.ServletDemo04</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/sd4</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

测试:

img

5.4 读取资源文件

编写b.properties文件

  • 在java目录下新建properties(需要配置pom.xml中build才能导出)
  • 在resources目录下新建properties

发现: 都被打包到了同一路径下: classes,俗称为classpath

img

img

img

思路: 需要一个文件流;

package com.kwok.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.load(is);
        String usr = prop.getProperty("username");
        String pwd = prop.getProperty("password");

        resp.getWriter().print(usr+":"+pwd);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>sd5</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kwok.Servlet.ServletDemo05</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>sd5</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/sd5</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

img

测试:

img

6、HttpServletResponse

web服务器接收到客户端的http请求,针对这个请求,分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象,代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse;

  • 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数:找HttpServletRequest
  • 如果要给客户端响应一些信息:找HttpServletResponse

6.1 简单分类

负责向浏览器发送数据的方法

ServletOutputStream getOutputStream()throwsIOException;//y
PrintWriter getWriter()throwsIOException;//一般中文用

负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法

void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);
void setContentLength(int var1);
void setContentLengthLong(long var1);
void setContentType(String var1);
void setDateHeader(String var1,long var2);
void addDateHeader(String var1,long var2);
void setHeader(String var1,String var2);
void addHeader(String var1,String var2);
void setIntHeader(String var1,int var2);
void addIntHeader(String var1,int var2);

响应的状态码

int SC_CONTINUE =100;
int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS =101;
int SC_OK =200;int SC_CREATED =201;
int SC_ACCEPTED =202;
int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION =203;
int SC_NO_CONTENT =204;
int SC_RESET_CONTENT =205;
int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT =206;
int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES =300;
int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY =301;
int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY =302;
int SC_FOUND =302;int SC_SEE_OTHER =303;
int SC_NOT_MODIFIED =304;
int SC_USE_PROXY =305;
int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT =307;
int SC_BAD_REQUEST =400;
int SC_UNAUTHORIZED =401;
int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED =402;
int SC_FORBIDDEN =403;
int SC_NOT_FOUND =404;
int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED =405;
int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE =406;
int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED =407;
int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT =408;
int SC_CONFLICT =409;
int SC_GONE =410;
int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED =411;
int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED =412;
int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE =413;
int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG =414;
int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE =415;
int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE =416;
int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED =417;
int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR =500;
int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED =501;
int SC_BAD_GATEWAY =502;
int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE =503;
int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT =504;
int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED =505;
/*200:请求响应成功 200
3xx:请求重定向
- 重定向:你重新到我给你新位置去;
4xx:找不到资源 404
- 资源不存在;
5xx:服务器代码错误 500 502:网关错误
*/

6.2 常见应用

1.像浏览器输出消息(前面讲过了)
2、下载文件
  1. 要获取下载文件的路径

  2. 下载的文件名是啥?

  3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西

  4. 获取下载文件的输入流

  5. 创建缓冲区

  6. 获取OutputStream对象

  7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区

  8. 使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端!

  9. img

package com.kwok.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1.要获取下载文件的路径
        String realPath = "E:\\a-IdeaProjects\\JavaWebStudy\\javaweb-02-servlet\\response\\src\\main\\resources\\头像.jpg";
        System.out.println("下载文件的路径"+realPath);
        // 2.下载的文件名是啥?
        String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
        // 3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西,中文文件名URLEncoder.encode编码,否则有可能乱码
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
        // 4.获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        // 5.创建缓冲区
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        // 6.获取OutputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
        // 7.将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端!
        while ((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
            out.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        in.close();
        out.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kwok.servlet.FileServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/down</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

测试:

img

3、验证码功能

验证怎么来的?

  • 前端实现
  • 后端实现,需要用到Java的图片类,生产一个图片
package com.kwok.servlet;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 如何让浏览器5秒刷新一次;
        resp.setHeader("refresh","3");

        // 在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

        // 得到图片
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics(); // 笔
        // 设置图片的背景颜色
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
        // 给图片写数据
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);

        // 告诉浏览器,这个请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpg");
        // 网站存在缓存,不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");

        // 把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
    }

    // 生成随机数
    private String makeNum(){
        Random random = new Random();
        String num = random.nextInt(99999999) + ""; // 并转换为String类型
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < 7-num.length() ; i++) {
            sb.append("0");
        }
        num = sb.toString() + num;
        return num;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>ImageServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kwok.servlet.ImageServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ImageServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/img</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

测试:

img

4、实现重定向

img

B一个web资源收到客户端A请求后,B会通知A去访问另外一个web资源C,这个过程叫重定向。

常见场景:

  • 用户登录
void sendRedirect(String varl)throw IOException;
  • 测试
package com.kwok.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        /*resp.setHeader("Location","/res/img");
        resp.setStatus(302);*/
        resp.sendRedirect("/res/img");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>RedirectServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kwok.servlet.RedirectServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>RedirectServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/red</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

img

重定向和转发的区别?

相同点:

1. 页面都会跳转

不同点:

  • 请求转发 url不会产生变化 307, 重定向会发生变化 302

  • 请求转发 可以携带参数, 重定向不能携带参数

  • 请求转发 只能发送一个请求, 重定向至少发送两次请求

5、简单实现登录重定向
package com.kwok.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RequestTest extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 处理请求
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println(username+":"+password);
        // 重定向时候一定要注意,路径问题,否则404
        resp.sendRedirect("/res/success.jsp");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

index.jsp

<html>
<body>
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<%--这里提交的路径,需要寻找到项目的路径--%>
<%--${pageContext.request.contextPath}代表当前项目--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
    密码:<input type="text" name="password"><br>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录成功</h1>
</body>
</html>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>request</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kwok.servlet.RequestTest</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>request</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

测试:

img

img

7、HttpServletRequest

HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求,用户通过Http协议访问服务器,HTTP请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest,通过这个HttpServletRequest的方法,获得客户端的所有信息;

获取前端传递过来的参数

img

获取前端传递的参数并请求转发

index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>

<div style="text-align: center">
    <%--这里表单表示的意思:以post方式提交,提交到我们的login请求--%>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post">
        用户名: <input type="text" name="username"><br>
        密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
        爱好:
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="女孩">女孩
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="代码">代码
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="唱歌">唱歌
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="电影">电影
        <br>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
</div>

</body>
</html>

success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录成功</h1>
</body>
</html>
package com.kwok.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String[] hobbys = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");

        System.out.println("==============================");
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbys));
        System.out.println("==============================");

        // 通过请求转发
        // 这里的/代表当前web应用
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kwok.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

测试:

img

img

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