飞百度架构师手把手带你零基础实践深度学习——21日学习打卡（第二周第三日）
首先声明，不详细讲解代码部分，主要是针对课程的理解及对作业的分析。（要是有代码相关问题可以私信）
课程链接：飞百度架构师手把手带你零基础实践深度学习
前文：
飞桨PaddlePaddle-百度架构师手把手带你零基础实践深度学习——21日学习打卡（第二周第一日）
飞桨PaddlePaddle-百度架构师手把手带你零基础实践深度学习——21日学习打卡（第二周第二日）
该课程分类专栏：深度学习课程——飞桨paddlepaddle

让我们回顾一下昨天学到的知识，昨天详细讲了神经网络的激活函数、批归一化、Dropout丢弃法这些基础概念并且介绍了卷积神经网络常用的一些基本模块。
今天我们就用这些基础概念来对眼疾识别数据集进行图像的分类（模型详细讲解页面链接），今天孙老师着重讲了四个经典的神经网络分类模型（AlexNet、VGG、GoogLeNet、Resnet），基于眼疾分类数据集iChallenge-PM，对图像分类领域的经典卷积神经网络进行剖析，介绍如何应用这些基础模块构建卷积神经网络，解决图像分类问题。

作业

• 这次事件作业简单哦~

import cv2
import random
import numpy as np

# 对读入的图像数据进行预处理
def transform_img(img):
    # 将图片尺寸缩放道 224x224
    img = cv2.resize(img, (224, 224))
    # 读入的图像数据格式是[H, W, C]
    # 使用转置操作将其变成[C, H, W]
    img = np.transpose(img, (2,0,1))
    img = img.astype('float32')
    # 将数据范围调整到[-1.0, 1.0]之间
    img = img / 255.
    img = img * 2.0 - 1.0
    return img

# 定义训练集数据读取器
def data_loader(datadir, batch_size=10, mode = 'train'):
    # 将datadir目录下的文件列出来，每条文件都要读入
    filenames = os.listdir(datadir)
    def reader():
        if mode == 'train':
            # 训练时随机打乱数据顺序
            random.shuffle(filenames)
        batch_imgs = []
        batch_labels = []
        for name in filenames:
            filepath = os.path.join(datadir, name)
            img = cv2.imread(filepath)
            img = transform_img(img)
            if name[0] == 'H' or name[0] == 'N':
                # H开头的文件名表示高度近似，N开头的文件名表示正常视力
                # 高度近视和正常视力的样本，都不是病理性的，属于负样本，标签为0
                label = 0
            elif name[0] == 'P':
                # P开头的是病理性近视，属于正样本，标签为1
                label = 1
            else:
                raise('Not excepted file name')
            # 每读取一个样本的数据，就将其放入数据列表中
            batch_imgs.append(img)
            batch_labels.append(label)
            if len(batch_imgs) == batch_size:
                # 当数据列表的长度等于batch_size的时候，
                # 把这些数据当作一个mini-batch，并作为数据生成器的一个输出
                imgs_array = np.array(batch_imgs).astype('float32')
                labels_array = np.array(batch_labels).astype('float32').reshape(-1, 1)
                yield imgs_array, labels_array
                batch_imgs = []
                batch_labels = []

        if len(batch_imgs) > 0:
            # 剩余样本数目不足一个batch_size的数据，一起打包成一个mini-batch
            imgs_array = np.array(batch_imgs).astype('float32')
            labels_array = np.array(batch_labels).astype('float32').reshape(-1, 1)
            yield imgs_array, labels_array

    return reader

# 定义验证集数据读取器
def valid_data_loader(datadir, csvfile, batch_size=10, mode='valid'):
    # 训练集读取时通过文件名来确定样本标签，验证集则通过csvfile来读取每个图片对应的标签
    # 请查看解压后的验证集标签数据，观察csvfile文件里面所包含的内容
    # csvfile文件所包含的内容格式如下，每一行代表一个样本，
    # 其中第一列是图片id，第二列是文件名，第三列是图片标签，
    # 第四列和第五列是Fovea的坐标，与分类任务无关
    # ID,imgName,Label,Fovea_X,Fovea_Y
    # 1,V0001.jpg,0,1157.74,1019.87
    # 2,V0002.jpg,1,1285.82,1080.47
    # 打开包含验证集标签的csvfile，并读入其中的内容
    filelists = open(csvfile).readlines()
    def reader():
        batch_imgs = []
        batch_labels = []
        for line in filelists[1:]:
            line = line.strip().split(',')
            name = line[1]
            label = int(line[2])
            # 根据图片文件名加载图片，并对图像数据作预处理
            filepath = os.path.join(datadir, name)
            img = cv2.imread(filepath)
            img = transform_img(img)
            # 每读取一个样本的数据，就将其放入数据列表中
            batch_imgs.append(img)
            batch_labels.append(label)
            if len(batch_imgs) == batch_size:
                # 当数据列表的长度等于batch_size的时候，
                # 把这些数据当作一个mini-batch，并作为数据生成器的一个输出
                imgs_array = np.array(batch_imgs).astype('float32')
                labels_array = np.array(batch_labels).astype('float32').reshape(-1, 1)
                yield imgs_array, labels_array
                batch_imgs = []
                batch_labels = []

        if len(batch_imgs) > 0:
            # 剩余样本数目不足一个batch_size的数据，一起打包成一个mini-batch
            imgs_array = np.array(batch_imgs).astype('float32')
            labels_array = np.array(batch_labels).astype('float32').reshape(-1, 1)
            yield imgs_array, labels_array

    return reader

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# LeNet 识别眼疾图片

import os
import random
import paddle
import paddle.fluid as fluid
import numpy as np

DATADIR = '/home/aistudio/work/palm/PALM-Training400/PALM-Training400'
DATADIR2 = '/home/aistudio/work/palm/PALM-Validation400'
CSVFILE = '/home/aistudio/labels.csv'

# 定义训练过程
def train(model):
    with fluid.dygraph.guard():
        print('start training ... ')
        model.train()
        epoch_num = 5
        # 定义优化器
        opt = fluid.optimizer.Momentum(learning_rate=0.001, momentum=0.9, parameter_list=model.parameters())
        # 定义数据读取器，训练数据读取器和验证数据读取器
        train_loader = data_loader(DATADIR, batch_size=10, mode='train')
        valid_loader = valid_data_loader(DATADIR2, CSVFILE)
        for epoch in range(epoch_num):
            for batch_id, data in enumerate(train_loader()):
                x_data, y_data = data
                img = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(x_data)
                label = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(y_data)
                # 运行模型前向计算，得到预测值
                logits = model(img)
                # 进行loss计算
                loss = fluid.layers.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits, label)
                avg_loss = fluid.layers.mean(loss)

                if batch_id % 10 == 0:
                    print("epoch: {}, batch_id: {}, loss is: {}".format(epoch, batch_id, avg_loss.numpy()))
                # 反向传播，更新权重，清除梯度
                avg_loss.backward()
                opt.minimize(avg_loss)
                model.clear_gradients()

            model.eval()
            accuracies = []
            losses = []
            for batch_id, data in enumerate(valid_loader()):
                x_data, y_data = data
                img = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(x_data)
                label = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(y_data)
                # 运行模型前向计算，得到预测值
                logits = model(img)
                # 二分类，sigmoid计算后的结果以0.5为阈值分两个类别
                # 计算sigmoid后的预测概率，进行loss计算
                pred = fluid.layers.sigmoid(logits)
                loss = fluid.layers.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits, label)
                # 计算预测概率小于0.5的类别
                pred2 = pred * (-1.0) + 1.0
                # 得到两个类别的预测概率，并沿第一个维度级联
                pred = fluid.layers.concat([pred2, pred], axis=1)
                acc = fluid.layers.accuracy(pred, fluid.layers.cast(label, dtype='int64'))
                accuracies.append(acc.numpy())
                losses.append(loss.numpy())
            print("[validation] accuracy/loss: {}/{}".format(np.mean(accuracies), np.mean(losses)))
            model.train()

        # save params of model
        fluid.save_dygraph(model.state_dict(), 'palm')
        # save optimizer state
        fluid.save_dygraph(opt.state_dict(), 'palm')

# 导入需要的包
import paddle
import paddle.fluid as fluid
import numpy as np
from paddle.fluid.dygraph.nn import Conv2D, Pool2D, Linear

# 定义 LeNet 网络结构
class LeNet(fluid.dygraph.Layer):
    def __init__(self, num_classes=1):
        super(LeNet, self).__init__()

        self.conv1 = Conv2D(num_channels=3, num_filters=6, filter_size=5, act='relu')
        self.pool1 = Pool2D(pool_size=2, pool_stride=2, pool_type='max')
        self.conv2 = Conv2D(num_channels=6, num_filters=16, filter_size=5, act='relu')
        self.pool2 = Pool2D(pool_size=2, pool_stride=2, pool_type='max')
        # 创建第3个卷积层
        self.conv3 = Conv2D(num_channels=16, num_filters=120, filter_size=4, act='relu')
        # 创建全连接层，第一个全连接层的输出神经元个数为64， 第二个全连接层输出神经元个数为分类标签的类别数
        self.fc1 = Linear(input_dim=300000, output_dim=64, act='sigmoid')
        self.fc2 = Linear(input_dim=64, output_dim=num_classes)
    # 网络的前向计算过程
    def forward(self, x, label=None):
        x = self.conv1(x)
        x = self.pool1(x)
        x = self.conv2(x)
        x = self.pool2(x)
        x = self.conv3(x)
        x = fluid.layers.reshape(x, [x.shape[0], -1])
        x = self.fc1(x)
        x = self.fc2(x)
        if label is not None:
            acc = fluid.layers.accuracy(input=x, label=label)
            return x, acc
        else:
            return x

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 创建模型
    with fluid.dygraph.guard():
        model = LeNet(num_classes=1)

    train(model)

结果：

start training ... 
epoch: 0, batch_id: 0, loss is: [0.80509055]
epoch: 0, batch_id: 10, loss is: [0.68919075]
epoch: 0, batch_id: 20, loss is: [0.46361116]
epoch: 0, batch_id: 30, loss is: [0.63713]
[validation] accuracy/loss: 0.7949999570846558/0.40998899936676025
epoch: 1, batch_id: 0, loss is: [0.05862291]
epoch: 1, batch_id: 10, loss is: [0.059012]
epoch: 1, batch_id: 20, loss is: [0.4808681]
epoch: 1, batch_id: 30, loss is: [0.23313868]
[validation] accuracy/loss: 0.9325000047683716/0.1934463381767273
epoch: 2, batch_id: 0, loss is: [0.04319196]
epoch: 2, batch_id: 10, loss is: [0.05719509]
epoch: 2, batch_id: 20, loss is: [0.15007056]
epoch: 2, batch_id: 30, loss is: [0.2530269]
[validation] accuracy/loss: 0.9399999380111694/0.16418571770191193
epoch: 3, batch_id: 0, loss is: [0.07580633]
epoch: 3, batch_id: 10, loss is: [0.09643873]
epoch: 3, batch_id: 20, loss is: [0.22165939]
epoch: 3, batch_id: 30, loss is: [0.03506085]
[validation] accuracy/loss: 0.9299999475479126/0.18996192514896393
epoch: 4, batch_id: 0, loss is: [0.0507292]
epoch: 4, batch_id: 10, loss is: [0.17943501]
epoch: 4, batch_id: 20, loss is: [0.11925531]
epoch: 4, batch_id: 30, loss is: [0.23927791]
[validation] accuracy/loss: 0.9225000143051147/0.17611104249954224

完美。
有什么不对或者可以改进的地方欢迎评论，互相交流